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Cordyceps Sinensis, also known as “dong chong xia cao” or “summer grass winter worm”, is a medicinal fungus originating from the high plateaus of Yunnan and Tibet in China. It is a premium herbal medicine that has been widely sought after in recent years.
Names and Scientific Classification
Cordyceps Sinensis is a natural medicinal fungus that appears small, cylindrical, and slender, measuring 3-6 cm in length, or 10-11 cm when young. It is solid and hollow in the middle. The body is thicker at the bottom and tapers toward the top, with a spindle-shaped, rough texture at the head, featuring tiny dots visible under a microscope as perithecia (reproductive organs).
The fruiting body is oval or slightly round, containing ascospores with short stalks. These spores are divided into individual compartments.
Cordyceps Sinensis was discovered decades ago in the Himalayas of Tibet, at altitudes ranging from 3,500m to over 5,000m, under extreme climatic conditions. Here, it is recognized as a rare parasitic fungus that grows on the larvae of ghost moths.
Winter Behavior: During freezing winter, the larvae host the fungal spores, hibernating underground. These fungal spores penetrate the larvae, consuming its nutrients, and slowly causing its death.
Summer Growth: As the weather warms, the fungus sprouts a brown fruiting body from the larvae’s head, growing above the soil. This phenomenon earned its name, “summer grass, winter worm.”
Normally, the caterpillars would transform into moths after hibernation. However, if infected by the parasitic fungus Cordyceps sinensis, they become Cordyceps.
Natural Cordyceps Sinensis results from the parasitic relationship between fungi of the genus Cordyceps and the larvae of moth species from the genera Hepialus, Brihaspa, or Allomyrina. Wild Cordyceps Sinensis is primarily found on the plateaus of Yunnan and Tibet, China.
Cultivated Cordyceps Sinensis, on the other hand, is produced through human-controlled cultivation on silkworm larvae or on alternative substrates such as green bean mixtures, eggshells, brown rice, and ground silkworm pupae to simulate natural living conditions.
The ideal time to harvest Cordyceps Sinensis is during the summer, from March to July each year. In the wild, they are found in remote, hard-to-reach areas and are often as small as the stem of an apple. Harvesters typically dig a 10 cm hole around the valuable fungus and carefully remove it from the ground.
For cultivated Cordyceps Sinensis, the fungus is grown in substrate containers under controlled environmental conditions. When ready, the fungi are harvested in sterile conditions and then processed for long-term use:
The entire plant body of Cordyceps, including the fruiting body above ground and the remaining larvae, is harvested and utilized.
Researchers in China have extracted approximately 1% of a unique acid called cordycepic acid (3-4-5 tetraoxyhexahydrobenzoic acid), structurally similar to quinic acid. Additional compounds and unknown active ingredients have also been identified.
Cordyceps Sinensis is warm in nature, sweet in taste, and enters the lung and kidney meridians. It helps nourish the lungs and kidneys, stop bleeding, enrich vitality, and dissolve phlegm.
When used for a short period, Cordyceps Sinensis is generally considered safe. However, some users may experience mild side effects, including:
These symptoms typically subside after discontinuing use. Additionally, some individuals have reported a lingering metallic taste after consuming Cordyceps products, which may take longer to dissipate.
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